Normally I would publish this post on the last Wednesday of the calendar year. But thanks to Governor Kim Reynolds, I was tied up on New Year’s Eve writing about the December 30 election results in Iowa Senate district 16.

I enclose below a photo from each of Bleeding Heartland’s 26 posts about wildflowers last year. This series has become a favorite for many readers since 2012.

As in 2022, 2023, and 2024, guest authors and photographers carried much of the load. In alphabetical order: Emily Bredthauer, Katie Byerly, Lora Conrad, James Enright, Jeff Ewoldt, Jo Hain, Beth Lynch, Bruce Morrison, Diane Porter, Leland Searles, Kenny Slocum, Patrick Swanson, and Melissa Wubben. Special thanks to James, Jo, and Melissa, who contributed to Bleeding Heartland for the first time (but I hope not the last!) in 2025.

This series will return sometime during April or May of 2026. Please reach out to me if you have photographs to share, especially of native plants I haven’t featured yet, or any plant that hasn’t been featured in the past eight years. The full archive of more than 300 posts featuring more than 250 species is available here. I have also compiled links to several dozen posts that covered many plants found in one area, rather than focusing on a single kind of wildflower.

For those looking for wildflower pictures year round, or seeking help with plant ID, check out the Facebook groups Flora of Iowa or Iowa wildflower enthusiasts. If you’d like a book to take with you on nature outings, Lora Conrad reviewed some of the best wildflower guides last year. A book featuring plants native to our part of the country is probably more reliable than the plant ID app on your phone.

Bruce Lear lives in Sioux City and has been connected to Iowa’s public schools for 38 years. He taught for eleven years and represented educators as an Iowa State Education Association regional director for 27 years until retiring. He can be reached at BruceLear2419@gmail.com 

The digital clock silently clicks 3:01 a.m. Her eyes flash open. She’s a teacher and she knows 3:01 isn’t awake time especially when 27 pairs of third grade eyes will be staring at her in a few hours. Her mind reviews every lesson rewriting in her mind. Then she begins to worry about her career choice. Will it get easier? How do I balance family with school?

She hopes her school can hire more teachers, reduce paperwork, meetings, and maybe agree to a raise above insurance increase. But money is tight. She needs more time to prepare so her teaching bag isn’t filled to the brim at home. She prays she’ll be allowed to be creative because that’s the joy of teaching. She’s exhausted by interference. 

Her last thought before drifting off to a dreamy sun-soaked beach is a hope Iowa legislators will stop punching down on her profession.

Linda Schreiber writes commentary on selected legislative issues.

For more than four decades, Iowa’s Bottle Bill stood as a national model: simple, effective, and popular. It reduced litter, boosted recycling, and put responsibility where it belonged—on producers and consumers. The 2022 update weakened those goals while reducing public accountability.

In 2019, Iowa State University professor Dr. Dermot Hayes recommended adjusting the five-cent deposit enacted in 1979 for inflation, roughly 17 cents at the time. A survey showed 88 percent of Iowans supported the Bottle Bill. Advocates, including the League of Women Voters and the Sierra Club, urged lawmakers to strengthen the program, improve redemption access, and preserve public benefits.

Iowa lawmakers chose a different path.

Xavier Carrigan is a Democratic candidate in Iowa’s third Congressional district.

For many Americans, foreign policy feels distant. Something that happens elsewhere, debated by experts and pundits, far removed from daily life.

But what the United States has done in Venezuela, and what it is now demanding in the aftermath, should concern anyone who believes power ought to have limits.

By launching a military strike in Caracas and forcibly removing Venezuela’s head of state, the U.S. crossed more than a geopolitical line. It established a precedent. One that says sovereignty is conditional, international law is negotiable, and accountability depends less on principle than on alignment.

2025 was another strong year for Bleeding Heartland’s guest authors. This website published 369 pieces written or co-authored by 154 individuals—a record number of contributors. The total number of guest posts published didn’t match the record-setting pace of 2024, but it edged out 2023 for second place.

As usual, last year’s guest authors covered a wide range of topics, from public schools to local and state government, major employers, CO2 pipelines, farm subsidies, the cancer rate, foreign policy, notable events in U.S. history or Iowa history, and of course wildflowers.

They wrote about Iowa’s statewide elected officials, members of Congress, and national figures including President Donald Trump and Vice President JD Vance.

Guest authors highlighted bills pending in the Iowa legislature, from well-known attacks on transgender Iowans and public schools to proposals that received less attention but could change many Iowans’ lives for the worse.

They reviewed books that would interest many Bleeding Heartland readers.

They reflected on the lives and legacy of former Republican State Representative Dave Heaton and Democratic State Senator Claire Celsi, who both passed away last year.

While many guest authors criticized Republican policies and politicians, some offered advice or constructive criticism to Democratic candidates or activists, and shared differing views on the future of the Iowa caucuses.

As noted below, some contributions by guest authors were among the most-viewed Bleeding Heartland posts of the year.

Randy Evans is executive director of the Iowa Freedom of Information Council, a nonpartisan, nonprofit organization that promotes openness and transparency in Iowa’s state and local governments. He can be reached at DMRevans2810@gmail.com. This essay first appeared on his Substack newsletter, Stray Thoughts. 

Days removed from the winter solstice, when Iowa’s nights are the longest, we have another example of the absence of sunshine in Iowa government. And this example shows why the state legislature has much to do about openness and accountability when it convenes on January 12.

A recent court decision with ties to the collapse in May 2023 of an apartment building in Davenport highlights the urgent need for legislative action. The case involves more than the public’s right to know, considering that three people died in the collapse and rescue workers needed to amputate a survivor’s leg to free her from the rubble.

Dr. Emily Boevers is a Readlyn farm kid, mother of three, and physician practicing in Iowa. This essay first appeared in the Waverly Democrat.

Property “ownership” is surprisingly complicated. Since feudal times when all land belonged to kings, to global wars that claimed land by force and displaced native populations, to modern concepts about private deeds, covenants and easements—property rights are nuanced. The law bundles the privileges of land ownership as a right to exclude others from a space, to protect or to exploit property for one’s own benefit, to pass it on to heirs and to not have it unlawfully taken or damaged. Enforcement of the rights that come with land title are an honored, but dynamic, legal tradition.

Today, limited options exist to legally seize, use or redistribute property owned by another. Zoning laws are one example of limitations on property use. Voluntary easements grant another the opportunity to use one’s property for limited purposes. Eminent domain allows the non-consensual taking of private land so long as landowners are justly compensated and public good is served.

It is likely through enforcement of eminent domain that the carbon-capture pipeline will ultimately wind its way through Iowa. In June 2024 the Iowa Utilities Board (since renamed the Iowa Utilities Commission) determined that the project qualified as “public use.” The board members concluded that the pipeline’s potential public benefits outweighed private and public costs. Therefore, landowners who do not sign voluntary easements for Summit Carbon Solutions’ pipeline could still be subject to non-consensual use.

Rick Morain is the former publisher and owner of the Jefferson Herald, for which he writes a regular column. This essay first appeared on Substack, in two parts.

The American writer James Agee, together with photographer Walker Evans, in 1941 released Let Us Now Praise Famous Men, a book documenting the lives of impoverished Southern sharecroppers during the Depression.

The title is an apt referent for the subjects of this column: men and women whom I admire for what they have done for other human beings, this year and/or in past years. They aren’t all necessarily famous, but they deserve to be. Others certainly earn my admiration as well, but putting together my year-end list, it’s hard for me not include ten of them up front.

The envelopes please, in no particular order:

West Des Moines City Council member Renee Hardman won big in the December 30 special election to represent Iowa Senate district 16. Unofficial results show the Democrat defeated Republican Lucas Loftin by 7,341 votes to 2,930 (71.4 percent to 28.5 percent), a margin of about 43 points in a district Kamala Harris carried by about 17 points in 2024.

Hardman will make history as the first Black woman to serve in the Iowa Senate. Her win also means Democrats will hold seventeen of the 50 Iowa Senate seats during the 2026 legislative session, depriving Republicans of the two-thirds supermajority needed to confirm Governor Kim Reynolds’ nominees without any Democratic support.

In an emotional speech to supporters after results were in, Hardman acknowledged the late State Senator Claire Celsi, a personal friend who had managed her first city council race in 2017. “Claire led with courage, she loved this community fiercely. […] We will continue the work she cared about so deeply. We will honor her legacy, and we won’t give up the fight for a better Iowa.” The victory party was at Tavern II, a West Des Moines restaurant where Celsi regularly held her own campaign events.

The outcome was not a surprise, given the partisan lean of Senate district 16 and a massive ground game that gave Democrats a substantial lead in early votes banked.

Still, we can learn a few lessons from the lopsided special election result.

Jenny Turner is a speech language pathologist who lives in West Des Moines. She is the board president of Iowa Citizens for Community Improvement and a member of the Fighting Oligarchy leadership team. This column first appeared in the Marshalltown Times-Republican.

I became a widow at age 38 when my son was 7. Solo parenting is hard, but thanks to the Affordable Care Act I’ve been able to work part-time from home in a way that makes our lives work pretty well.

In January, my health insurance premiums will jump 79 percent, from $191 to $342 per month.

For a lot of single mothers, that difference is their grocery budget for the month. This price hike is because of Republican inaction. Our representatives in Congress—Zach Nunn (IA-03), Ashley Hinson (IA-02), Mariannette Miller-Meeks (IA-01), and Randy Feenstra (IA-04)—have known these increases were coming for months, but chose to do nothing to prevent them.

David Elbert is a former business editor and columnist for the Des Moines Register. He now writes about local history for DSM Magzine. A version of the following column appeared first in the Des Moines Register.

Wendy Wintersteen is retiring after eight years as the first female president of Iowa State University.

As a native of Ames and a graduate of Iowa State, I should be proud. But I’m not. In retrospect, I probably I expected too much from her.

Before Wintersteen took over the top job at ISU, she was dean of ISU’s highly regarded College of Agriculture. She was, I might add, the first Iowa State president with an agricultural background since 1926 when Raymond Pearson left to become president of the University of Maryland. 

Wayne Ford is the executive director of Wayne Ford Equity Impact Institute and co-Director of the Brown and Black Forums of America. He is a former member of the Iowa legislature (1997 through 2010) and the founder and former executive director of Urban Dreams.

I. Iowa’s educational DNA: Civic purpose before ideology

Iowa’s public university system was not built to advance a single ideology, party, or doctrine. It was built to serve the public good. From its early commitment to the Union during the Civil War—when Iowa sent one of the highest per-capita numbers of soldiers to fight for the North—to its later embrace of land-grant education, Iowa has historically understood education as a civic responsibility rather than a political instrument. That tradition placed learning, inquiry, and social mobility at the center of public life.

Iowa’s universities have contributed nationally in ways that transcend partisan categories. Iowa State University became a center of early computing innovation that helped lay groundwork for the modern digital economy. The ACT college entrance exam—long a national standard—was founded in Iowa as a neutral tool to measure academic readiness, not political alignment. The Iowa Writers’ Workshop at the University of Iowa gained international recognition by elevating creative excellence across backgrounds and viewpoints, shaping generations of writers without imposing ideological litmus tests.

These achievements were grounded in intellectual openness, not enforced consensus.

Voters in Iowa Senate district 16 will elect a successor to State Senator Claire Celsi on December 30. The stakes are high: this election will determine whether Republicans regain their 34-16 supermajority in the chamber for the 2026 legislative session. With a two-thirds majority, Republicans could confirm Governor Kim Reynolds’ nominees with no Democratic support.

If West Des Moines City Council member Renee Hardman keeps this seat in the blue column, the Republican majority in the chamber will return to 33-17, meaning Democrats could block some of the governor’s worst appointees. Either way, the winner will serve out the remainder of Celsi’s term.

Hardman is favored over Republican Lucas Loftin in this suburban area. But as we’ve seen this year in Iowa, anything can happen in a low-turnout special election. And it’s hard to think of a date primed for lower turnout than the Tuesday between Christmas and New Year’s Day.

John Kearney is a retired philosophy professor who taught at Saint Joseph’s University in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. He has lived in Waterloo, Iowa for the past eight years.

On January 13, 1982, a Boeing 737 took off from Washington National Airport. About one minute later, it struck the 14^th Street bridge and plunged into the Potomac River. The flight crew and more than 70 passengers perished. One of the passengers, Priscilla Tirado, could be seen flailing around in the icy waters. A bystander on the shoreline, Lenny Skutnik, a Congressional Budget Office employee, responded to her desperate screams for help, pulled off his coat and shoes, jumped into the river, and saved her life. Two weeks later, President Ronald Reagan hailed Skutnik as a hero in his State of the Union address.

A less publicized story is that of Senator Cory Booker, who, while serving as mayor of Newark, New Jersey in 2012, risked his life by running into a burning, smoke-infested building and saving the life of a neighbor.

Why do individuals like Skutnik and Booker engage in such extraordinary acts of altruism?

Chuck Isenhart is an investigative reporter, photographer, and recovering Iowa state legislator offering research, analysis, education, and public affairs advocacy at his Substack newsletter Iowa Public Policy Dude, where this essay first appeared.

In Iowa, Council Bluffs and Dubuque, where I live, have a lot in common.

Council Bluffs is on the Missouri River. Dubuque is on the Mississippi River. Both rivers are prone to flooding. Dubuque’s population is 59,000. Council Bluffs is about 63,000.

Council Bluffs has the Loess Hills. Dubuque has the bluffs of the Driftless. Both are known for their blue-collar industrial heritage with immigrant, working-class populations. Both are crisscrossed by railroads. Both have a strong emphasis on historic preservation and cultural institutions. Our chambers of commerce host first-class legislative receptions.

Jill Norton is a former forest fire fighter, high school teacher, and library director.

My family attends Iowa Irish Fest downtown in Waterloo, Iowa, on Sunday. We arrive early and gain entrance in exchange for cans of food for the Northeast Iowa Food Bank. We listen to mass from the mainstage and scoot off to Jameson’s for what I imagine is the most authentic Full Irish breakfast around. That is, until last year when the establishment changed owners and mass-produced mush was served on Styrofoam plates, and this year when the meal was deemed unprofitable and discontinued altogether.

The Full Irish is an Irish mainstay: soda bread, baked beans, grilled tomato, mushrooms, rashers (linked sausages), thick bacon, eggs, and white and black pudding—which is lard, grain, spices, and blood for the black version, in a sausage-like patty. Inasmuch as food speaks to the heart, this plate of real Ireland will be missed.

No, we’re not Irish, as far as we know. We just enjoy Irish Fest. And we’ve traveled to Ireland. Before and after my travels I endeavored to learn all I could about Ireland and was fascinated, starting with the mythology. Why do we learn about Hercules but not Cúchulainn?

I need to talk about what happened at CBS News this past week.

You may not know that early in my career, I covered Russian politics for about ten years, spanning the second half of Boris Yeltsin’s presidency and the early Vladimir Putin years.

As a freelancer for Radio Free Europe/Radio Liberty in the early 2000s, I extensively covered Putin’s crackdown on the Russian media. Again and again, the Kremlin used corporate media owners or shareholders to impose editorial changes on unfriendly outlets, especially private television networks. I saw many examples of self-censorship or bosses interfering with outlets that criticized the authorities.

So I was alarmed (though not surprised) when Bari Weiss, the inexperienced editor in chief of CBS News, intervened to stop “60 Minutes” from airing a segment featuring Venezuelan men who were tortured this year in an El Salvador prison.

Ralph Rosenberg served in the Iowa legislature from 1981 through 1994 and was director of the Iowa Civil Rights Commission from 2003 through 2010. A version of this essay first appeared on Substack.

The political landscape is full of what many Democrats view as signs of hope: a Democrat won Miami’s mayoral race, Indiana’s state Senate rejected mid-cycle gerrymandering, and in Tennessee’s seventh District, a Trump +22 cushion collapsed into single digits—what observers called a “stress fracture on a main beam.”

Add to that viral clips of an exhausted-looking president, negative polling numbers, and systemic problems at agencies like the FBI, and you can see why people opposed to Donald Trump and his policies are feeling optimistic.

But don’t get too confident about long-term impact. Beneath these celebratory headlines lies a dangerous form of “strategic negligence.”

Kurt Meyer writes a weekly column for the Nora Springs – Rockford Register and the Substack newsletter Showing Up, where this essay first appeared. He served as chair of the executive committee (the equivalent of board chair) of Americans for Democratic Action, America’s most experienced liberal organization.

Last month, my sister and I stood looking at a low-lying, long-neglected wire fence we knew well as children. It’s the “creek fence,” (pronounced “crick”) and often we were tasked with catapulting organic detritus, like chicken bones, over the fence, into nature.

The two of us recalled six decades ago, when a younger brother, maybe age four, remained in the car while Mom reentered the house to fetch a forgotten item. Evidently, the car wasn’t in “park” and began rolling slowly down a slight decline toward the creek fence, after which the descent becomes quite abrupt. Gaining momentum, the car hit the fence; magically, miraculously, rusty wires held… God with us.

My transition: This fence is a bit like our country’s jurisprudence system, prompting me to write about the federal employee who threw a sandwich at a Customs and Border Protection agent.

Randy Evans is executive director of the Iowa Freedom of Information Council, a nonpartisan, nonprofit organization that promotes openness and transparency in Iowa’s state and local governments. He can be reached at DMRevans2810@gmail.com. This essay first appeared on his Substack newsletter, Stray Thoughts. 

What makes freedom of speech so difficult to understand and accept?

That question came up during a recent discussion at the Des Moines Valley Friends Meeting. The Friends invited me to speak at the gathering that coincided with the 50th anniversary of the December 15, 1975 bombing of the Friends meeting house and the adjacent American Friends Service Committee building at 42nd Street and Grand Avenue in Des Moines.

Police never located the bomber, so no criminal charges were filed. Consensus remains that someone planted the explosives who disliked the Quakers’ and AFSC’s opposition to the Vietnam war, their support of non-violence, and their humanitarian relief efforts in Vietnam after the war.

I reminded the audience of what Mary Autenrieth of Paullina, the chair of the AFSC’s regional policy board 50 years ago, told The Des Moines Register then: “I expect in a nation where open disagreement is encouraged, there are some who disagree with us. But I would expect that they would not use violence in answer.”